Whereas the male condom is placed on the penis, the female condom is positioned inside the vagina. The condom can be inserted into the vagina several hours before sex, and both oil-based and water-based lubricants can be used. By removing the inner ring in the female condom, one may also use the product for anal intercourse.

The female condom is a relatively recent development. It is a loose- fitting polyurethane sheath, with a flexible ring at either end that is positioned inside the vagina. Use of the female condom is increasing, with studies showing that the female condom is acceptable to both male and female partners. Like the male condom, the female condom prevents HIV transmission by helping avoid exposure to semen or vaginal fluids. It is usually more expensive than the male condom and is not as readily available for purchase in many parts of the world, although UN system agencies are encouraged to make them available to employees.